![]() Such processing must occur quickly enough to keep abreast of the unfolding speech stream ( Christiansen and Chater 2016), while remaining robust to signal variation and degradation ( Mattys et al. Fluent speech recognition requires the parsing of a continuously changing acoustic signal into a series of discrete units, and the mapping of these units onto abstract representations spanning multiple scales ( Halle and Stevens 1962 Hickok and Poeppel 2007). The ability to understand spoken language is a remarkable feat of human cognition. Together, these findings reveal distinctive profiles of neurophysiological activity that differentiate the content-specific processes associated with degraded speech comprehension from the context-specific processes invoked under adverse listening conditions. Moreover, delta-band power, alpha-band power, and pupil diameter were all increased following the provision of any written sentence information, irrespective of content. Spectral analysis further revealed that pop-out was accompanied by a reduction in theta-band power, consistent with predictive coding accounts of acoustic filling-in and incremental sentence processing. Pop-out was associated with improved reconstruction of the acoustic stimulus envelope from low-frequency EEG activity, implying that improvements in perceptual clarity were mediated via top-down signals that enhanced the quality of cortical speech representations. Pop-out was reliably elicited following visual presentation of the corresponding written sentence, but not following incongruent or neutral text. ![]() We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and pupillometry from 21 adults while they rated the clarity of noise-vocoded and sine-wave synthesized sentences. the dramatic improvement of speech intelligibility after receiving information about speech content) to investigate the neurophysiological effects of prior expectations on degraded speech comprehension. Here, we exploit the perceptual “pop-out” phenomenon (i.e. Convinced? Download our free honeycomb keyboard and try it yourself.Online speech processing imposes significant computational demands on the listening brain, the underlying mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. We hope you can now see why hexagons really are best and therefore why we created a keyboard that uses their hexy shape for easier, faster typing on your phone. This is just a few of examples of hexagons there are of course many more (dragonfly eyes, the molecular structure of carbon, pencils). The result is a vast array of beautiful, cold hexagons that fall from the sky each winter. When these molecules come together in the sky they naturally arrange themselves in a lattice of hexagonal rings. ![]() Why are snowflakes hexagonal? It comes down to chemistry: water molecules that form the flakes are made from two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom. And not just a standard hexagon duplicated, but billions of very slightly different hexagons. Snow, that most glorious cold, white substance that transforms any drab landscape into a beautiful winter wonderland, is made of billions of tiny hexagons. Snow: the coolest hexagons out there? (photo by Zdeněk Macháček) ![]()
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